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Quality and readability of online information resources on insomnia

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 423-431 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0524-9

摘要：

The internet is a major source for health information. An increasing number of people, including patients with insomnia, search for remedies online; however, little is known about the quality of such information. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and readability of insomnia-related online information. Google was used as the search engine, and the top websites on insomnia that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated for quality and readability. The analyzed websites belonged to nonprofit, commercial, or academic organizations and institutions such as hospitals and universities. Insomnia-related websites typically included definitions (85%), causes and risk factors (100%), symptoms (95%), and treatment options (90%). Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) was the most commonly recommended approach for insomnia treatment, and sleep drugs are frequently mentioned. The overall quality of the websites on insomnia is moderate, but all the content exceeded the recommended reading ease levels. Concerns that must be addressed to increase the quality and trustworthiness of online health information include sharing metadata, such as authorship, time of creation and last update, and conflicts of interest; providing evidence for reliability; and increasing the readability for a layman audience.

关键词： insomnia internet readability information quality health literacy cognitive behavioral therapy treatment

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Nudging sustainable consumption of residential energy use: A behavioral economics perspective

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 540-545 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0264-2

摘要： Nudging sustainable consumption of residential energy use: A behavioral economics perspective

关键词： consumption energy use

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Sustainable urban transportation development in China: A behavioral perspective

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 16-30 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0162-4

摘要： The rapid development of economics requires highly efficient and environment-friendly urban transportation systems. Such requirement presents challenges in sustainable urban transportation. The analysis and understanding of transportation-related behaviors provide one approach to dealing with complicated transportation activities. In this study, the management of traffic systems is divided into four levels with a structural and systematic perspective. Then, several special cases from the perspective of behavior, including purchasing behaviors toward new energy vehicles, choice behaviors toward green travel, and behavioral reactions toward transportation demand management policies, are investigated. Several management suggestions are proposed for transportation authorities to improve sustainable traffic management.

关键词： sustainable urban transportation transportation behaviors

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平行认知：面向人机交互与管理的混合智能 Research Article

叶佩军1,王晓1,2,郑文博3,魏庆来1,4,王飞跃1,2,4

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第12期页码 1765-1779 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100335

摘要：作为一门交叉学科，传统的认知科学主要采用实验、归纳、建模和验证的研究范式。对于包含大量用户异质行为和动态特性的社会物理信息系统，此种建模方法有时并不适用。为减少复杂人机系统中的人–机决策冲突，提出采用智能技术与系统来考察认知活动和认知功能的建模范式——平行认知。该范式分为三个阶段：基于人工认知系统的描述认知、基于计算思维实验的预测认知以及基于行为交互引导的引导性认知。在此基础上，进一步提出由心理模型和用户行为数据混合驱动的学习方法，自适应地学习人类个体的认知决策知识，从而使得三个阶段能够持续在线迭代。在交通行为引导和视觉推理场景下的初步实验表明，平行认知学习对于人类的行为引导是可行且有效的，有利于提升复杂工程系统和复杂社会系统中的人机协同程度。

关键词：认知学习；人工智能；行为引导

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Capacity analysis for cognitive heterogeneous networks with ideal/non-ideal sensing

Tao HUANG, Ying-lei TENG, Meng-ting LIU, Jiang LIU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第1期页码 1-11 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400129

摘要： Due to irregular deployment of small base stations (SBSs), the interference in cognitive heterogeneous networks (CHNs) becomes even more complex; in particular, the uncertainty of spectrum mobility aggravates the interference context. In this case, how to analyze system capacity to obtain a closed-form expression becomes a crucial problem. In this paper we employ stochastic methods to formulate the capacity of CHNs and achieve a closed-form expression. By using discrete-time Markov chains (DTMCs), the spectrum mobility with respect to the arrival and departure of macro base station (MBS) users is modeled. Then an integral method is proposed to derive the interference based on stochastic geometry (SG). Also, the effect of sensing accuracy on network capacity is discussed by concerning false-alarm and miss-detection events. Simulation results are illustrated to show that the proposed capacity analysis method for CHNs can approximate the conventional sum methods without rigorous requirement for channel station information (CSI). Therefore, it turns out to be a feasible and efficient way to capture the network capacity in CHNs.

关键词： Cognitive heterogeneous networks Markov chain Stochastic geometry Homogeneous Poisson point process (HPPP)

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Heterogeneous influence of individuals’ behavior on mask efficacy in gathering environments

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 550-562 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0193-5

摘要： Wearing masks is an easy way to operate and popular measure for preventing epidemics. Although masks can slow down the spread of viruses, their efficacy in gathering environments involving heterogeneous person-to-person contacts remains unknown. Therefore, we aim to investigate the epidemic prevention effect of masks in different real-life gathering environments. This study uses four real interpersonal contact datasets to construct four empirical networks to represent four gathering environments. The transmission of COVID-19 is simulated using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The heterogeneity of individuals can cause mask efficacy in a specific gathering environment to be different from the baseline efficacy in general society. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of gathering environments causes the epidemic prevention effect of masks to differ. Wearing masks can greatly reduce the probability of clustered epidemics and the infection scale in primary schools, high schools, and hospitals. However, the use of masks alone in primary schools and hospitals cannot control outbreaks. In high schools with social distancing between classes and in workplaces where the interpersonal contact is relatively sparse, masks can meet the need for prevention. Given the heterogeneity of individual behavior, if individuals who are more active in terms of interpersonal contact are prioritized for mask-wearing, the epidemic prevention effect of masks can be improved. Finally, asymptomatic infection has varying effects on the prevention effect of masks in different environments. The effect can be weakened or eliminated by increasing the usage rate of masks in high schools and workplaces. However, the effect on primary schools and hospitals cannot be weakened. This study contributes to the accurate evaluation of mask efficacy in various gathering environments to provide scientific guidance for epidemic prevention.

关键词： COVID-19 masks behavioral heterogeneity asymptomatic infection

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How to judge the association of postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of breast cancer

Ling XU

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 290-293 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0093-7

摘要： The relevance of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) for breast cancer risk has been long debated, although it is one of the most important barriers for women to accept HT. Various opinions have been reported from recent randomized clinical trials and epidemiological studies. These unanswered questions include: whether HT has a positive impact on breast cancer; whether risks of therapy with unopposed estrogen and combined estrogen-progestin are different; and whether different types and routes of estrogen and progestogens, as well as the duration and cessation of HT use, have different impacts on this disorder. Recently, there has been some good news such as the following: the currently available data do not provide sufficient evidence to prove a causal relationship between postmenopausal HT and breast cancer; breast cancer in postmenopausal women using HT usually has better prognosis than that of nonusers. In conclusion, HT is still the most effective method of relieving climacteric symptoms for many postmenopausal women. However, a possible risk of breast cancer associated with long-term HT usage should not be ignored. With respect to prevention of breast cancer, regular evaluation of individual breast cancer susceptibility and close follow-up through mammography and/or breast sonography are necessary strategies for the safety of HT use.

关键词： breast cancer postmenopausal hormone therapy unopposed estrogen therapy combined estrogen-progestin therapy

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The Research on Subject Behavioral Risk of Whole Life-cycle Water Conservation Projects

Hong-yong Liu,Ji Guo,Wei-tao He

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 348-352 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014048

摘要： In 2011, water conservation projects construction in China entered a stage of rapid growth. In February 2013 three dam safety accidents occurred due to improper participant subject behaviors. Improving security and risk management of water conservation projects is therefore considered as imminent. It is urgent to research the risks of the participant subject behaviors. This article takes each participating subject in the whole life-cycle of water conservation projects as the research object, analyzes the risk behaviors and risk evolution processes, dissects the cause of the risks of the participating subject behaviors on the basis of the theory of risk effect, and puts forward that reinforcing the penalties, improving criminal cost and strengthening the engineering ethics education is an effective way to solve safety problems of the current projects.

关键词： water conservation projects subject behavior safety accident risk effect engineering ethics

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通过行为足迹学习人类习惯的个性化服务机器人 Article

李坤, Max Q.-H. Meng

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第1期页码 79-84 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015024

摘要：

对家用的私人机器人来说，个性化服务和预先设计的任务同样重要，因为机器人需要根据操作者的习惯调整住宅状况。为了学习由诱因、行为和回报构成的操作者习惯，本文介绍了行为足迹，以描述操作者在家中的行为，并运用逆向增强学习技巧提取用回报函数代表的操作者习惯。本文用一个移动机器人调节室内温度，来实施这个方法，并把该方法和记录操作者所有诱因和行为的基准办法相比较。结果显示，提出的方法可以使机器人准确揭示操作者习惯，并相应地调节环境状况。

关键词：个性化机器人习惯学习行为足迹

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Associations of sleeping patterns and isotemporal substitution of other behavior with the prevalence of CKD in Chinese adults

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1019-5

摘要： Studies have found a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk, but limited research evaluated the association of reallocating excessive sleep to other behavior with CKD. We included 104 538 participants from the nationwide cohort of the Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals: A Longitudinal Study, with self-reported time of daily-life behavior. Using isotemporal substitution models, we found that substituting 1 h of sleeping with sitting, walking, or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with a lower CKD prevalence. Leisure-time physical activity displacement was associated with a greater prevalence reduction than occupational physical activity in working population. In stratified analysis, a lower CKD prevalence related to substitution toward physical activity was found in long sleepers. More pronounced correlations were observed in long sleepers with diabetes than in those with prediabetes, and they benefited from other behavior substitutions toward a more active way. The U-shaped association between sleep duration and CKD prevalence implied the potential effects of insufficient and excessive sleep on the kidneys, in which the pernicious link with oversleep could be reversed by time reallocation to physical activity. The divergence in the predicted effect on CKD following time reallocation to behavior of different domains and intensities and in subpopulations with diverse metabolic statuses underlined the importance of optimizing sleeping patterns and adjusting integral behavioral composition.

关键词： sleep physical activity chronic kidney disease isotemporal substitution behavioral pattern

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Particle therapy for cancers: a new weapon in radiation therapy

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 165-172 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0196-4

摘要：

Particle irradiation started to draw attention in the past decade and has now become a hotspot in the radiation oncology community. This article reviews the most advanced developments in particle irradiation, focusing on the characteristics of proton and carbon ions in radiation physics and radiobiology. The Bragg peak of physical dose distribution causes proton and carbon beams to optimally meet the requirement for cancer irradiation because the Bragg peak permits the accurate concentration of the dose on the tumor, thus sparing the adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, carbon ion has more radiobiological benefits than photon and proton beams. These benefits include stronger sterilization effects on intrinsic radio-resistant tumors and more effective killing of hypoxic, G₀, and S phase cells. Compared with the most advanced radiation techniques using photon, such as three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy, proton therapy has yielded more promising outcomes in local control and survival for head and neck cancers, prostate carcinoma, and pediatric cancers. Carbon therapy in Japan showed even more promising results than proton therapy. The local controls and overall survivals were as good as that treated by surgery in early stages of non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and head and neck cancers, especially for such highly resistant tumors as melanoma. The non-invasive nature of particle therapy affords more patients with chances to receive and benefit from treatment. Particle therapy is gradually getting attention from the oncology community. However, the cost of particle therapy facilities has limited the worldwide use of this technology.

关键词： radiation therapy particle therapy proton carbon cancer

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Passive antibody therapy in emerging infectious diseases

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1021-y

摘要： The epidemic of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and its variants of concern (VOCs) has been ongoing for over 3 years. Antibody therapies encompassing convalescent plasma, hyperimmunoglobulin, and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) applied in passive immunotherapy have yielded positive outcomes and played a crucial role in the early COVID-19 treatment. In this review, the development path, action mechanism, clinical research results, challenges, and safety profile associated with the use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma, hyperimmunoglobulin, and mAbs were summarized. In addition, the prospects of applying antibody therapy against VOCs was assessed, offering insights into the coping strategies for facing new infectious disease outbreaks.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 convalescent plasma hyperimmunoglobulin neutralizing monoclonal antibodies

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基于Self-X认知制造网络实现认知大规模个性化定制——一种工业知识图谱及图嵌入技术使能的途径

李心雨, 郑湃, 鲍劲松, 高亮, 徐旬

《工程（英文）》 2023年第22卷第3期页码 14-19 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.08.018

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mTOR-targeted cancer therapy: great target but disappointing clinical outcomes, why?

Shi-Yong Sun

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 221-231 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0812-7

摘要： The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) critically regulates several essential biological functions, such as cell growth, metabolism, survival, and immune response by forming two important complexes, namely, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and complex 2 (mTORC2). mTOR signaling is often dysregulated in cancers and has been considered an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Great efforts have been made to develop efficacious mTOR inhibitors, particularly mTOR kinase inhibitors, which suppress mTORC1 and mTORC2; however, major success has not been achieved. With the strong scientific rationale, the intriguing question is why cancers are insensitive or not responsive to mTOR-targeted cancer therapy in clinics. Beyond early findings on induced activation of PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK, and Mnk/eIF4E survival signaling pathways that compromise the efficacy of rapalog-based cancer therapy, recent findings on the essential role of GSK3 in mediating cancer cell response to mTOR inhibitors and mTORC1 inhibition-induced upregulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells may provide some explanations. These new findings may also offer us the opportunity to rationally utilize mTOR inhibitors in cancer therapy. Further elucidation of the biology of complicated mTOR networks may bring us the hope to develop effective therapeutic strategies with mTOR inhibitors against cancer.

关键词： mTOR cancer therapy resistance GSK3 protein degradation E3 ubiquitin ligase PD-L1

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Targeted therapy of desmoid-type fibromatosis: mechanism, current situation, and future prospects

Zhen Wang, Jianhui Wu, Xiuyun Tian, Chunyi Hao

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 427-437 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0672-6

摘要： Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF) is a rare monoclonal fibroblastic proliferation that is characterized by locally infiltrative but rarely metastatic lesions. Tyrosine kinase and γ-secretase inhibitors are primarily used in the targeted therapy of DF. The use of these drugs, however, is mainly based on the recommendations of retrospective studies with small sample sizes. Previous studies that focused on the mechanism, efficacy, and safety of targeted therapy for DF were reviewed to provide references for clinical applications and research. The efficacy and safety of targeted therapy were compared with those of other systemic therapy options. Targeted therapy does not provide considerable advantages in efficacy and safety over other medical treatments and is usually applied after the failure of antihormonal therapies, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and chemotherapy. Further studies are required to explore the mechanism, indications, and appropriate drug dosage of the targeted therapy of DF.

关键词： targeted therapy desmoid-type fibromatosis tyrosine kinase inhibitor γ-secretase inhibitor